Mahaska County, Iowa: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Mahaska County, Iowa has a Very Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 29.7 out of 100, higher than about 29% of US counties, with drought, strong winds and hail scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $11 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 18 federal disaster declarations that included Mahaska County since 1965, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4421-IA (Severe Storms and Flooding, declared 23 March 2019). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 27 tornadoes touching Mahaska County from 1950 to 2025.
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Population 22,167 Buildings worth $6.4 billion Area 579 sq mi Risk rank in Iowa 66 of 99 FIPS 19123
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drought | Relatively Moderate | 83.9 | $1.3 million | about 9.1 a year | 364 |
| Strong wind | Relatively Moderate | 69.3 | $1.1 million | about 5.8 a year | 219 |
| Hail | Relatively Low | 64.6 | $508,846 | about 5.2 a year | 196 |
| Landslide | Very Low | 58.9 | $2,890 | about once every 6.5 years | — |
| Heat wave | Relatively Low | 54.9 | $537,298 | about 7 a year | 98 |
| Tornado | Relatively Low | 54.6 | $1.7 million | about once every 2.1 years | 23 |
| Winter weather | Relatively Low | 46.6 | $65,774 | about 13 a year | 238 |
| Ice storm | Relatively Low | 44.5 | $75,684 | about once every 1.6 years | 43 |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 42.4 | $34,347 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Low | 36.4 | $4.9 million | about 4 a year | 111 |
| Lightning | Relatively Low | 35.0 | $152,164 | about 45 a year | 74,121 strikes |
| Cold wave | Relatively Low | 34.7 | $597,358 | about 5.6 a year | 107 |
| Earthquake | Very Low | 29.5 | $81,168 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Hurricane | Very Low | 11.1 | $2,654 | about once every 174 years | 2 |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 18
Most common: Severe Storm 8, Flood 7, Severe Ice Storm 1, Hurricane 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1 | Flood |
| 1970s | 2 | Flood ×2 |
| 1980s | 1 | Severe Storm |
| 1990s | 5 | Flood ×3, Snowstorm, Severe Storm |
| 2000s | 5 | Severe Storm ×3, Severe Ice Storm, Hurricane |
| 2010s | 4 | Severe Storm ×3, Flood |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Mahaska County
- Hurricane Katrina Evacuation (2005, EM-3239-IA): 99 Iowa counties designated.
- Severe Storms & Flooding (1993, DR-996-IA): 99 Iowa counties designated.
- Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding (2008, DR-1763-IA): 85 Iowa counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Iowa also had 7 statewide declarations with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 27
| Tornadoes touching the county | 27 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F3 ×1 |
| Peak month | May (7) |
| Deadliest | 19 Jul 2018, EF3, 9.2 mi path, 0 killed, 13 injured |
| Longest path | 11 Nov 2015, EF1, 24.6 mi path |
| Most recent | 19 Jul 2018, EF3, 9.2 mi path, 0 killed, 13 injured |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 0 / 29 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 7 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 0 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Mahaska County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahaska County (this page) | — | Very Low | 29.7 | Drought |
| Marion County | 38 km | Very Low | 34.4 | Drought |
| Keokuk County | 39 km | Very Low | 21.9 | Drought |
| Monroe County | 39 km | Very Low | 10.3 | Drought |
| Wapello County | 39 km | Relatively Low | 65.3 | Drought |
| Poweshiek County | 40 km | Very Low | 31.3 | Drought |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Iowa, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Relatively Low 23.0 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Relatively High 78.9 |
| Community risk factor | 0.91 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $11 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Mahaska County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Iowa · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Drought: Drought monitor for Iowa
- Strong wind: Power outages now
- Hail: Weather alerts for Iowa
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Mahaska County
What natural disasters is Mahaska County, Iowa most at risk from?
Mahaska County, Iowa has a Very Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 29.7 out of 100, higher than about 29% of US counties, with drought, strong winds and hail scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $11 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Mahaska County had?
OpenFEMA lists 18 federal disaster declarations that included Mahaska County since 1965, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4421-IA (Severe Storms and Flooding, declared 23 March 2019). Another 7 Iowa declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Mahaska County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 27 tornadoes touching Mahaska County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 19 Jul 2018, EF3, 9.2 mi path, 0 killed, 13 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.