Clay County, Minnesota: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Clay County, Minnesota has a Relatively Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 73.7 out of 100, higher than about 73% of US counties, with winter storms, cold waves and inland (river and flash) flooding scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $42 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 27 federal disaster declarations that included Clay County since 1966, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4722-MN (Severe Storms and Flooding, declared 19 July 2023). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 41 tornadoes touching Clay County from 1950 to 2025.
Live weather alerts for Minnesota All official warnings Latest FEMA declarations
Population 65,291 Buildings worth $16 billion Area 1,063 sq mi Risk rank in Minnesota 14 of 87 FIPS 27027
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter weather | Relatively High | 95.8 | $1.0 million | about 24 a year | 464 |
| Cold wave | Relatively Moderate | 85.1 | $6.6 million | about 18 a year | 350 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Moderate | 82.4 | $28 million | about 1.6 a year | 46 |
| Hail | Relatively Moderate | 80.5 | $1.2 million | about 4.1 a year | 155 |
| Strong wind | Relatively Moderate | 78.8 | $1.6 million | about 2.5 a year | 97 |
| Wildfire | Relatively Low | 66.0 | $164,536 | about once every 529 years | — |
| Tornado | Relatively Low | 62.0 | $2.5 million | about once every 1.4 years | 36 |
| Ice storm | Relatively Low | 50.9 | $114,586 | about once every 5.3 years | 13 |
| Drought | Relatively Low | 49.4 | $180,184 | about 2.4 a year | 105 |
| Landslide | Very Low | 47.3 | $1,500 | about once every 8.2 years | — |
| Heat wave | Very Low | 38.7 | $277,554 | about 1.5 a year | 20 |
| Lightning | Relatively Low | 30.4 | $142,437 | about 3 a year | 97,356 strikes |
| Earthquake | Very Low | 14.8 | $20,293 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Hurricane | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 27
Most common: Flood 15, Severe Storm 10, Hurricane 1, Drought 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 2 | Flood ×2 |
| 1970s | 5 | Flood ×3, Drought, Severe Storm |
| 1980s | 1 | Flood |
| 1990s | 6 | Severe Storm ×4, Flood ×2 |
| 2000s | 8 | Severe Storm ×5, Flood ×2, Hurricane |
| 2010s | 4 | Flood ×4 |
| 2020s | 1 | Flood |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Clay County
- Hurricane Katrina Evacuation (2005, EM-3242-MN): 87 Minnesota counties designated.
- Drought (1976, EM-3013-MN): 78 Minnesota counties designated.
- Flooding (1969, DR-255-MN): 70 Minnesota counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Minnesota also had 9 statewide declarations with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 41
| Tornadoes touching the county | 41 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F4 ×1 |
| Peak month | June (16) |
| Deadliest | 11 Aug 1958, F1, 0.8 mi path, 0 killed, 3 injured |
| Longest path | 24 Jun 1966, F1, 49.8 mi path |
| Most recent | 20 Jun 2022, EF0, 0.2 mi path |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 0 / 4 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 21 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 2 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Clay County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clay County (this page) | — | Relatively Low | 73.7 | Winter weather |
| Norman County | 48 km | Very Low | 14.4 | Drought |
| Cass County, ND | 58 km | Relatively Moderate | 82.4 | Winter weather |
| Wilkin County | 60 km | Very Low | 5.3 | Winter weather |
| Becker County | 62 km | Very Low | 37.4 | Winter weather |
| Mahnomen County | 71 km | Very Low | 7.1 | Drought |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Minnesota, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Very Low 12.8 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Relatively High 74.7 |
| Community risk factor | 0.81 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $42 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Clay County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Minnesota · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Winter weather: Power outages now · Carbon monoxide in winter
- Cold wave: Carbon monoxide in winter · Power outages now
- Inland flooding: Flood safety: why shallow water kills · Floods recorded
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Clay County
What natural disasters is Clay County, Minnesota most at risk from?
Clay County, Minnesota has a Relatively Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 73.7 out of 100, higher than about 73% of US counties, with winter storms, cold waves and inland (river and flash) flooding scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $42 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Clay County had?
OpenFEMA lists 27 federal disaster declarations that included Clay County since 1966, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4722-MN (Severe Storms and Flooding, declared 19 July 2023). Another 9 Minnesota declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Clay County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 41 tornadoes touching Clay County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 11 Aug 1958, F1, 0.8 mi path, 0 killed, 3 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.