Gallatin County, Montana: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Gallatin County, Montana has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 81.0 out of 100, higher than about 81% of US counties, with winter storms, avalanches and landslides scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $66 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 7 federal disaster declarations that included Gallatin County since 1981, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is FM-5346-MT (Bridger Foothills Fire, declared 5 September 2020). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 4 tornadoes touching Gallatin County from 1950 to 2025.
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Population 118,825 Buildings worth $28 billion Area 2,660 sq mi Risk rank in Montana 4 of 56 FIPS 30031
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter weather | Very High | 99.6 | $3.6 million | about 49 a year | 936 |
| Avalanche | Very High | 96.6 | $7.2 million | about once every 1.5 years | 20 |
| Landslide | Relatively Moderate | 96.6 | $352,152 | about 2.6 a year | — |
| Earthquake | Relatively Moderate | 94.1 | $17 million | about once every 18 years | — |
| Cold wave | Relatively High | 93.6 | $14 million | about 3.6 a year | 68 |
| Lightning | Relatively High | 92.7 | $2.2 million | about 37 a year | 198,134 strikes |
| Wildfire | Relatively Moderate | 91.4 | $2.5 million | about once every 763 years | — |
| Hail | Relatively Moderate | 84.5 | $1.7 million | about once every 2.0 years | 19 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Low | 64.2 | $16 million | about once every 2.3 years | 12 |
| Strong wind | Relatively Low | 39.2 | $604,939 | about once every 2.3 years | 17 |
| Drought | Relatively Low | 37.4 | $78,402 | about 71 a year | 2,380 |
| Heat wave | Very Low | 28.8 | $185,576 | about once every 3.4 years | 5.6 |
| Ice storm | Very Low | 24.1 | $33,594 | about once every 67 years | 0 |
| Volcanic activity | Very Low | 20.5 | $1 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | 1 |
| Tornado | Very Low | 16.7 | $258,621 | about once every 17 years | 2 |
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Hurricane | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 7
Most common: Fire 3, Severe Storm 2, Hurricane 1, Flood 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1980s | 1 | Flood |
| 1990s | 1 | Severe Storm |
| 2000s | 4 | Fire ×2, Hurricane, Severe Storm |
| 2020s | 1 | Fire |
The last 7
Widest declarations that included Gallatin County
- Hurricane Katrina Evacuation (2005, EM-3253-MT): 56 Montana counties designated.
- Wildfires (2000, DR-1340-MT): 48 Montana counties designated.
- Severe Storms, Flooding, and Ice Jams (1996, DR-1105-MT): 14 Montana counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Montana also had 18 statewide declarations with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 4
| Tornadoes touching the county | 4 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F1 ×1 |
| Peak month | July (2) |
| Deadliest | — |
| Longest path | 15 Jun 1960, F1, 1.3 mi path |
| Most recent | 2 Jul 1997, F0, 0.1 mi path |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 0 / 0 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Gallatin County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallatin County (this page) | — | Relatively Moderate | 81.0 | Winter weather |
| Park County | 50 km | Relatively Low | 66.3 | Avalanche |
| Madison County | 64 km | Very Low | 41.0 | Avalanche |
| Broadwater County | 91 km | Very Low | 17.7 | Landslide |
| Jefferson County | 98 km | Very Low | 21.6 | Landslide |
| Sweet Grass County | 100 km | Very Low | 8.1 | Wildfire |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Montana, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Very Low 10.6 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Relatively High 71.7 |
| Community risk factor | 0.70 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $66 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Gallatin County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Montana · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Winter weather: Power outages now · Carbon monoxide in winter
- Avalanche: Official warnings now
- Landslide: Landslides recorded
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Gallatin County
What natural disasters is Gallatin County, Montana most at risk from?
Gallatin County, Montana has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 81.0 out of 100, higher than about 81% of US counties, with winter storms, avalanches and landslides scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $66 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Gallatin County had?
OpenFEMA lists 7 federal disaster declarations that included Gallatin County since 1981, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is FM-5346-MT (Bridger Foothills Fire, declared 5 September 2020). Another 18 Montana declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Gallatin County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 4 tornadoes touching Gallatin County from 1950 to 2025.
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.