Thurston County, Washington: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Thurston County, Washington has a Relatively High natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 94.5 out of 100, higher than about 94% of US counties, with landslides, earthquakes and volcanic activity scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $191 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 28 federal disaster declarations that included Thurston County since 1965, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4906-WA (Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides, declared 7 April 2026). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 5 tornadoes touching Thurston County from 1950 to 2025.
Live weather alerts for Washington All official warnings Latest FEMA declarations
Population 294,398 Buildings worth $64 billion Area 782 sq mi Risk rank in Washington 5 of 39 FIPS 53067
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landslide | Relatively High | 99.0 | $1.5 million | about 5.1 a year | — |
| Earthquake | Relatively High | 98.9 | $134 million | about once every 33 years | — |
| Volcanic activity | Relatively Moderate | 94.1 | $195,476 | about once every 88 years | 5 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Moderate | 90.8 | $50 million | about once every 7.0 years | 4 |
| Heat wave | Relatively Moderate | 90.6 | $3.7 million | about 4.3 a year | 63 |
| Ice storm | Relatively Moderate | 65.9 | $209,892 | about once every 1.6 years | 42 |
| Coastal flooding | Relatively Low | 58.6 | $478,921 | about 3.1 a year | — |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 57.1 | $83,940 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Winter weather | Relatively Low | 56.5 | $94,991 | about 6.1 a year | 111 |
| Lightning | Relatively Low | 30.3 | $129,181 | about 6.7 a year | 39,550 strikes |
| Strong wind | Relatively Low | 25.2 | $281,915 | about once every 75 years | 1 |
| Tornado | Very Low | 25.0 | $430,890 | about once every 26 years | 4 |
| Tsunami | Very Low | 13.8 | $91,015 | about once every 18 years | 12 |
| Drought | Very Low | 13.3 | $107 | about 1.3 a year | 35 |
| Hail | Very Low | 6.3 | $20,688 | about once every 67 years | 0.6 |
| Avalanche | Very Low | 5.8 | $3 | about once every 100 years | 0 |
| Cold wave | Very Low | 2.9 | $21 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | 0 |
| Hurricane | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 28
Most common: Flood 14, Severe Storm 9, Earthquake 2, Fire 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1 | Earthquake |
| 1970s | 5 | Flood ×5 |
| 1980s | 1 | Volcanic Eruption |
| 1990s | 7 | Flood ×4, Severe Storm ×3 |
| 2000s | 8 | Severe Storm ×5, Flood, Coastal Storm, Earthquake |
| 2010s | 1 | Severe Storm |
| 2020s | 5 | Flood ×4, Fire |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Thurston County
- Hurricane Katrina Evacuation (2005, EM-3227-WA): 39 Washington counties designated.
- Volcanic Eruption, Mt. St. Helens (1980, DR-623-WA): 39 Washington counties designated.
- Severe Winter Storms, Land & Muds Slides,flooding (1997, DR-1159-WA): 38 Washington counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Washington also had 25 statewide declarations with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 5
| Tornadoes touching the county | 5 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F1 ×1 |
| Peak month | October (2) |
| Deadliest | — |
| Longest path | 6 Apr 1994, F0, 0.5 mi path |
| Most recent | 4 Oct 2019, unrated, 0.1 mi path |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 0 / 0 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Thurston County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thurston County (this page) | — | Relatively High | 94.5 | Landslide |
| Lewis County | 51 km | Relatively Moderate | 89.7 | Earthquake |
| Mason County | 56 km | Relatively Moderate | 85.3 | Landslide |
| Pierce County | 56 km | Relatively High | 98.5 | Earthquake |
| Grays Harbor County | 76 km | Relatively High | 97.0 | Tsunami |
| Pacific County | 78 km | Relatively Moderate | 92.7 | Tsunami |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Washington, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Very Low 19.5 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Relatively High 65.0 |
| Community risk factor | 0.88 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $191 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Thurston County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Washington · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Landslide: Landslides recorded
- Earthquake: Earthquakes today · Earthquake safety guide
- Volcanic activity: US volcano alerts
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Thurston County
What natural disasters is Thurston County, Washington most at risk from?
Thurston County, Washington has a Relatively High natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 94.5 out of 100, higher than about 94% of US counties, with landslides, earthquakes and volcanic activity scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $191 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Thurston County had?
OpenFEMA lists 28 federal disaster declarations that included Thurston County since 1965, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4906-WA (Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides, declared 7 April 2026). Another 25 Washington declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Thurston County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 5 tornadoes touching Thurston County from 1950 to 2025.
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.