Mercer County, West Virginia: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Mercer County, West Virginia has a Relatively Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 65.2 out of 100, higher than about 65% of US counties, with landslides, cold waves and inland (river and flash) flooding scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $18 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 25 federal disaster declarations that included Mercer County since 1967, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is EM-3639-WV (Severe Winter Storm, declared 24 January 2026). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 2 tornadoes touching Mercer County from 1950 to 2025.
Live weather alerts for West Virginia All official warnings Latest FEMA declarations
Population 59,638 Buildings worth $12 billion Area 425 sq mi Risk rank in West Virginia 18 of 55 FIPS 54055
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landslide | Relatively Moderate | 90.5 | $44,296 | about 1.3 a year | — |
| Cold wave | Relatively Moderate | 80.6 | $2.9 million | about 4.3 a year | 82 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Moderate | 78.3 | $14 million | about 2.1 a year | 59 |
| Winter weather | Relatively Moderate | 76.6 | $133,255 | about 19 a year | 355 |
| Earthquake | Relatively Low | 71.0 | $639,044 | about once every 685 years | — |
| Lightning | Relatively Moderate | 65.3 | $310,707 | about 44 a year | 90,411 strikes |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 62.8 | $77,202 | about once every 431 years | — |
| Avalanche | Very Low | 61.1 | $1,208 | about once every 100 years | 0 |
| Strong wind | Relatively Moderate | 54.4 | $466,643 | about 1.7 a year | 66 |
| Hurricane | Very Low | 50.0 | $55,125 | about once every 87 years | 2 |
| Hail | Relatively Low | 38.3 | $126,257 | about 3.2 a year | 122 |
| Ice storm | Relatively Low | 34.2 | $29,616 | about once every 2.0 years | 33 |
| Drought | Very Low | 24.6 | $8,538 | about once every 1.7 years | 28 |
| Tornado | Very Low | 17.2 | $137,721 | about once every 28 years | 2 |
| Heat wave | Very Low | 2.2 | $2 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | 0 |
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 25
Most common: Severe Storm 12, Flood 4, Snowstorm 3, Hurricane 2.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1 | Flood |
| 1970s | 2 | Flood, Drought |
| 1990s | 5 | Flood ×2, Snowstorm ×2, Severe Storm |
| 2000s | 8 | Severe Storm ×6, Hurricane, Fire |
| 2010s | 6 | Severe Storm ×4, Hurricane, Snowstorm |
| 2020s | 3 | Winter Storm, Severe Storm, Tropical Storm |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Mercer County
- Severe Winter Storm (2026, EM-3639-WV): 55 West Virginia counties designated.
- Hurricane Sandy (2012, EM-3358-WV): 55 West Virginia counties designated.
- Severe Storms (2012, EM-3345-WV): 55 West Virginia counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Tropical Storm Helene (2024), Hurricane Sandy (2012), Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. West Virginia also had 6 statewide declarations with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 2
| Tornadoes touching the county | 2 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F2 ×1 |
| Peak month | April (1) |
| Deadliest | 7 Oct 2014, EF1, 5.5 mi path, 0 killed, 2 injured |
| Longest path | 7 Oct 2014, EF1, 5.5 mi path, 0 killed, 2 injured |
| Most recent | 7 Oct 2014, EF1, 5.5 mi path, 0 killed, 2 injured |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 0 / 2 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Mercer County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercer County (this page) | — | Relatively Low | 65.2 | Landslide |
| Bland County, VA | 30 km | Very Low | 13.0 | Landslide |
| Summers County | 36 km | Very Low | 40.2 | Landslide |
| Giles County, VA | 38 km | Very Low | 16.6 | Landslide |
| Raleigh County | 42 km | Relatively Low | 65.5 | Landslide |
| Wyoming County | 45 km | Relatively Low | 67.4 | Landslide |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in West Virginia, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Relatively High 75.7 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Relatively Low 35.6 |
| Community risk factor | 1.39 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $18 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Mercer County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for West Virginia · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Landslide: Landslides recorded
- Cold wave: Carbon monoxide in winter · Power outages now
- Inland flooding: Flood safety: why shallow water kills · Floods recorded
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Mercer County
What natural disasters is Mercer County, West Virginia most at risk from?
Mercer County, West Virginia has a Relatively Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 65.2 out of 100, higher than about 65% of US counties, with landslides, cold waves and inland (river and flash) flooding scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $18 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Mercer County had?
OpenFEMA lists 25 federal disaster declarations that included Mercer County since 1967, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is EM-3639-WV (Severe Winter Storm, declared 24 January 2026). Another 6 West Virginia declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Mercer County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 2 tornadoes touching Mercer County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 7 Oct 2014, EF1, 5.5 mi path, 0 killed, 2 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.