Ottawa County, Michigan: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Ottawa County, Michigan has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 82.9 out of 100, higher than about 82% of US counties, with strong winds, inland (river and flash) flooding and tornadoes scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $68 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 14 federal disaster declarations that included Ottawa County since 1965, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4121-MI (Flooding, declared 18 June 2013). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 24 tornadoes touching Ottawa County from 1950 to 2025.
Live weather alerts for Michigan All official warnings Latest FEMA declarations
Population 296,165 Buildings worth $65 billion Area 1,648 sq mi Risk rank in Michigan 9 of 83 FIPS 26139
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong wind | Relatively High | 97.8 | $6.9 million | about 2.2 a year | 31 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Moderate | 88.0 | $45 million | about once every 1.5 years | 19 |
| Tornado | Relatively Moderate | 87.7 | $8.5 million | about once every 2.7 years | 17 |
| Hail | Relatively Moderate | 83.8 | $1.5 million | about 1.2 a year | 47 |
| Winter weather | Relatively Moderate | 82.0 | $316,985 | about 32 a year | 216 |
| Ice storm | Relatively Moderate | 77.5 | $468,911 | about 1.2 a year | 30 |
| Lightning | Relatively Moderate | 76.5 | $866,857 | about 33 a year | 162,236 strikes |
| Cold wave | Relatively Moderate | 73.4 | $3.4 million | about once a year | 6.7 |
| Heat wave | Relatively Low | 63.6 | $939,173 | about 2.3 a year | 12 |
| Earthquake | Relatively Low | 61.3 | $665,410 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Landslide | Very Low | 51.8 | $2,083 | about once every 9.3 years | — |
| Coastal flooding | Very Low | 35.2 | $11,572 | about once every 79 years | — |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 34.4 | $25,644 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Hurricane | Very Low | 26.4 | $14,589 | about once every 130 years | 4 |
| Drought | No Rating | 0.0 | — | — | 0 |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Insufficient Data | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 14
Most common: Flood 4, Severe Storm 4, Snowstorm 4, Hurricane 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1 | Tornado |
| 1970s | 4 | Snowstorm ×2, Severe Storm, Flood |
| 1980s | 2 | Flood ×2 |
| 1990s | 2 | Snowstorm, Severe Storm |
| 2000s | 4 | Severe Storm ×2, Hurricane, Snowstorm |
| 2010s | 1 | Flood |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Ottawa County
- Hurricane Katrina Evacuation (2005, EM-3225-MI): 83 Michigan counties designated.
- Blizzards & Snowstorms (1978, EM-3057-MI): 83 Michigan counties designated.
- Snow (2001, EM-3160-MI): 39 Michigan counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Michigan also had 3 statewide declarations with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 24
| Tornadoes touching the county | 24 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F5 ×1 |
| Peak month | June (6) |
| Deadliest | 3 Apr 1956, F5, 58.8 mi path, 17 killed, 292 injured |
| Longest path | 3 Apr 1956, F5, 58.8 mi path, 17 killed, 292 injured |
| Most recent | 15 May 2025, EF0, 3.5 mi path |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 22 / 436 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 10 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 3 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Ottawa County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ottawa County (this page) | — | Relatively Moderate | 82.9 | Strong wind |
| Kent County | 37 km | Relatively Moderate | 92.2 | Strong wind |
| Muskegon County | 39 km | Relatively Low | 70.1 | Strong wind |
| Allegan County | 42 km | Relatively Low | 68.5 | Strong wind |
| Newaygo County | 68 km | Relatively Low | 47.1 | Winter weather |
| Barry County | 69 km | Relatively Low | 46.0 | Strong wind |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Michigan, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Very Low 12.2 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Very High 99.6 |
| Community risk factor | 0.76 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $68 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Ottawa County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Michigan · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Strong wind: Power outages now
- Inland flooding: Flood safety: why shallow water kills · Floods recorded
- Tornado: Is there a tornado warning now?
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Ottawa County
What natural disasters is Ottawa County, Michigan most at risk from?
Ottawa County, Michigan has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 82.9 out of 100, higher than about 82% of US counties, with strong winds, inland (river and flash) flooding and tornadoes scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $68 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Ottawa County had?
OpenFEMA lists 14 federal disaster declarations that included Ottawa County since 1965, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4121-MI (Flooding, declared 18 June 2013). Another 3 Michigan declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Ottawa County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 24 tornadoes touching Ottawa County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 3 Apr 1956, F5, 58.8 mi path, 17 killed, 292 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.