Clay County, Alabama: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Clay County, Alabama has a Very Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 26.7 out of 100, higher than about 26% of US counties, with wildfires, hurricanes and tornadoes scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $5.9 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 22 federal disaster declarations that included Clay County since 1977, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is EM-3618-AL (Hurricane Helene, declared 26 September 2024). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 24 tornadoes touching Clay County from 1950 to 2025.
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Population 14,212 Buildings worth $2.9 billion Area 612 sq mi Risk rank in Alabama 63 of 67 FIPS 01027
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wildfire | Relatively Low | 71.1 | $125,077 | about once every 213 years | — |
| Hurricane | Relatively Low | 67.5 | $314,663 | about once every 16 years | 16 |
| Tornado | Relatively Moderate | 67.2 | $1.5 million | about once every 2.0 years | 22 |
| Landslide | Very Low | 61.0 | $1,922 | about 1.4 a year | — |
| Earthquake | Very Low | 49.9 | $183,965 | about once every 552 years | — |
| Cold wave | Relatively Low | 45.9 | $543,516 | about once every 1.6 years | 12 |
| Heat wave | Relatively Low | 39.9 | $154,133 | about 4.6 a year | 79 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Low | 35.3 | $2.8 million | about once every 1.5 years | 19 |
| Drought | Very Low | 30.3 | $17,776 | about 46 a year | 1,323 |
| Lightning | Relatively Low | 29.6 | $71,330 | about 66 a year | 86,837 strikes |
| Hail | Very Low | 25.2 | $62,959 | about 4 a year | 152 |
| Strong wind | Relatively Low | 21.2 | $129,108 | about 2 a year | 77 |
| Ice storm | Very Low | 20.0 | $10,864 | about once every 2.6 years | 27 |
| Winter weather | Very Low | 5.2 | $2,508 | about 2.8 a year | 54 |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 22
Most common: Hurricane 9, Severe Storm 8, Flood 3, Snowstorm 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 4 | Flood ×3, Drought |
| 1990s | 4 | Severe Storm ×2, Hurricane, Snowstorm |
| 2000s | 6 | Hurricane ×4, Severe Storm ×2 |
| 2010s | 4 | Severe Storm ×3, Hurricane |
| 2020s | 4 | Hurricane ×3, Severe Storm |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Clay County
- Hurricane Helene (2024, EM-3618-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
- Hurricane Sally (2020, EM-3545-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
- Hurricane Irma (2017, EM-3389-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Helene (2024), Hurricane Zeta (2020), Hurricane Sally (2020), Hurricane Irma (2017), Hurricane Gustav (2008), Hurricane Katrina (2005), Hurricane Dennis (2005), Hurricane Ivan (2004), Hurricane Opal (1995).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Alabama also had 1 statewide declaration with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 24
| Tornadoes touching the county | 24 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F4 ×1 |
| Peak month | May (6) |
| Deadliest | 1 May 1953, F4, 12.1 mi path, 7 killed, 12 injured |
| Longest path | 25 Mar 2021, EF2, 31.3 mi path |
| Most recent | 3 Jan 2023, EF0, 6.4 mi path |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 7 / 22 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 8 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 2 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Clay County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clay County (this page) | — | Very Low | 26.7 | Wildfire |
| Talladega County | 31 km | Relatively Moderate | 84.7 | Tornado |
| Randolph County | 37 km | Very Low | 30.6 | Hurricane |
| Tallapoosa County | 46 km | Relatively Low | 67.5 | Heat wave |
| Coosa County | 52 km | Very Low | 14.6 | Wildfire |
| Cleburne County | 55 km | Very Low | 27.5 | Tornado |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Alabama, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Very High 89.4 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Relatively Moderate 49.9 |
| Community risk factor | 1.56 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $5.9 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Clay County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Alabama · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Wildfire: US wildfires now · Wildfire smoke: what protects you
- Hurricane: Is there a hurricane now? · Cyclone preparation
- Tornado: Is there a tornado warning now?
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Clay County
What natural disasters is Clay County, Alabama most at risk from?
Clay County, Alabama has a Very Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 26.7 out of 100, higher than about 26% of US counties, with wildfires, hurricanes and tornadoes scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $5.9 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Clay County had?
OpenFEMA lists 22 federal disaster declarations that included Clay County since 1977, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is EM-3618-AL (Hurricane Helene, declared 26 September 2024). Another 1 Alabama declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Clay County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 24 tornadoes touching Clay County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 1 May 1953, F4, 12.1 mi path, 7 killed, 12 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.