Limestone County, Alabama: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Limestone County, Alabama has a Relatively Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 80.0 out of 100, higher than about 80% of US counties, with cold waves, earthquakes and tornadoes scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $48 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 20 federal disaster declarations that included Limestone County since 1973, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is EM-3618-AL (Hurricane Helene, declared 26 September 2024). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 77 tornadoes touching Limestone County from 1950 to 2025.
Live weather alerts for Alabama All official warnings Latest FEMA declarations
Population 101,053 Buildings worth $20 billion Area 613 sq mi Risk rank in Alabama 22 of 67 FIPS 01083
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cold wave | Relatively High | 93.8 | $11 million | about 1.3 a year | 25 |
| Earthquake | Relatively Low | 89.9 | $5.9 million | about once every 311 years | — |
| Tornado | Relatively Moderate | 88.2 | $7.2 million | about once every 1.6 years | 69 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Moderate | 76.7 | $20 million | about 2.1 a year | 58 |
| Drought | Relatively Moderate | 75.3 | $801,851 | about 28 a year | 1,057 |
| Winter weather | Relatively Moderate | 73.0 | $172,603 | about 4.6 a year | 87 |
| Heat wave | Relatively Low | 72.3 | $1.1 million | about 7.6 a year | 120 |
| Ice storm | Relatively Moderate | 66.0 | $202,007 | about once every 1.2 years | 58 |
| Hurricane | Relatively Low | 60.2 | $244,552 | about once every 35 years | 10 |
| Lightning | Relatively Low | 56.1 | $330,841 | about 61 a year | 227,320 strikes |
| Strong wind | Relatively Moderate | 54.3 | $704,549 | about 6.4 a year | 245 |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 25.8 | $12,639 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Landslide | Very Low | 24.0 | $196 | about once every 4.3 years | — |
| Hail | Very Low | 21.2 | $86,756 | about 4.3 a year | 163 |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 20
Most common: Severe Storm 9, Hurricane 6, Tornado 2, Snowstorm 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 3 | Tornado ×2, Drought |
| 1990s | 5 | Severe Storm ×3, Snowstorm, Flood |
| 2000s | 5 | Hurricane ×3, Severe Storm ×2 |
| 2010s | 4 | Severe Storm ×3, Hurricane |
| 2020s | 3 | Hurricane ×2, Severe Storm |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Limestone County
- Hurricane Helene (2024, EM-3618-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
- Hurricane Sally (2020, EM-3545-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
- Hurricane Irma (2017, EM-3389-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Helene (2024), Hurricane Sally (2020), Hurricane Irma (2017), Hurricane Gustav (2008), Hurricane Katrina (2005), Hurricane Ivan (2004).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Alabama also had 1 statewide declaration with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 77
| Tornadoes touching the county | 77 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F5 ×1 |
| Peak month | May (25) |
| Deadliest | 3 Apr 1974, F5, 52 mi path, 28 killed, 267 injured |
| Longest path | 3 Apr 1974, F5, 52 mi path, 28 killed, 267 injured |
| Most recent | 20 May 2025, EF1, 17.2 mi path |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 36 / 403 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 28 | 26 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 20 | 28 | 14 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Limestone County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limestone County (this page) | — | Relatively Low | 80.0 | Cold wave |
| Madison County | 40 km | Relatively High | 94.6 | Tornado |
| Morgan County | 41 km | Relatively Moderate | 88.8 | Tornado |
| Giles County, TN | 44 km | Relatively Low | 60.9 | Strong wind |
| Lawrence County | 44 km | Relatively Low | 69.3 | Tornado |
| Lincoln County, TN | 51 km | Relatively Low | 58.9 | Tornado |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Alabama, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Relatively Low 23.8 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Relatively High 76.2 |
| Community risk factor | 0.92 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $48 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Limestone County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Alabama · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Cold wave: Carbon monoxide in winter · Power outages now
- Earthquake: Earthquakes today · Earthquake safety guide
- Tornado: Is there a tornado warning now?
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Limestone County
What natural disasters is Limestone County, Alabama most at risk from?
Limestone County, Alabama has a Relatively Low natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 80.0 out of 100, higher than about 80% of US counties, with cold waves, earthquakes and tornadoes scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $48 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Limestone County had?
OpenFEMA lists 20 federal disaster declarations that included Limestone County since 1973, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is EM-3618-AL (Hurricane Helene, declared 26 September 2024). Another 1 Alabama declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Limestone County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 77 tornadoes touching Limestone County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 3 Apr 1974, F5, 52 mi path, 28 killed, 267 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.