Marshall County, Alabama: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Marshall County, Alabama has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 87.3 out of 100, higher than about 87% of US counties, with tornadoes, strong winds and lightning scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $50 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 27 federal disaster declarations that included Marshall County since 1973, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is EM-3618-AL (Hurricane Helene, declared 26 September 2024). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 74 tornadoes touching Marshall County from 1950 to 2025.
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Population 97,552 Buildings worth $19 billion Area 630 sq mi Risk rank in Alabama 12 of 67 FIPS 01095
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tornado | Relatively High | 97.8 | $17 million | about once every 1.5 years | 64 |
| Strong wind | Relatively High | 97.1 | $2.9 million | about 5.2 a year | 199 |
| Lightning | Relatively High | 88.6 | $827,744 | about 61 a year | 236,444 strikes |
| Earthquake | Relatively Low | 87.7 | $2.8 million | about once every 311 years | — |
| Cold wave | Relatively Moderate | 85.8 | $3.9 million | about 1.4 a year | 26 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Moderate | 85.3 | $20 million | about 1.8 a year | 50 |
| Winter weather | Relatively Moderate | 81.0 | $167,390 | about 4.6 a year | 87 |
| Heat wave | Relatively Moderate | 80.8 | $1.2 million | about 5.3 a year | 86 |
| Ice storm | Relatively Moderate | 73.6 | $202,787 | about once every 1.3 years | 52 |
| Landslide | Relatively Low | 69.5 | $4,274 | about once every 2.1 years | — |
| Hurricane | Relatively Low | 69.0 | $402,375 | about once every 32 years | 12 |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 63.2 | $79,150 | about once every 826 years | — |
| Hail | Relatively Low | 57.1 | $259,035 | about 4.8 a year | 183 |
| Drought | Relatively Low | 54.1 | $149,055 | about 29 a year | 896 |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 27
Most common: Severe Storm 14, Hurricane 6, Flood 4, Snowstorm 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 5 | Flood ×3, Drought, Tornado |
| 1990s | 7 | Severe Storm ×5, Snowstorm, Flood |
| 2000s | 7 | Severe Storm ×4, Hurricane ×3 |
| 2010s | 5 | Severe Storm ×4, Hurricane |
| 2020s | 3 | Hurricane ×2, Severe Storm |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Marshall County
- Hurricane Helene (2024, EM-3618-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
- Hurricane Sally (2020, EM-3545-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
- Hurricane Irma (2017, EM-3389-AL): 67 Alabama counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Helene (2024), Hurricane Sally (2020), Hurricane Irma (2017), Hurricane Gustav (2008), Hurricane Katrina (2005), Hurricane Ivan (2004).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Alabama also had 1 statewide declaration with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 74
| Tornadoes touching the county | 74 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F4 ×2 |
| Peak month | April (31) |
| Deadliest | 16 Feb 1995, F3, 14 mi path, 6 killed, 130 injured |
| Longest path | 27 Apr 2011, EF4, 46.9 mi path, 6 killed, 48 injured |
| Most recent | 20 May 2025, EF1, 3.4 mi path |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 20 / 415 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 10 | 35 | 19 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 4 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 25 | 7 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Marshall County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall County (this page) | — | Relatively Moderate | 87.3 | Tornado |
| Etowah County | 44 km | Relatively Moderate | 87.3 | Tornado |
| DeKalb County | 47 km | Relatively Low | 80.4 | Strong wind |
| Blount County | 49 km | Relatively Low | 68.5 | Tornado |
| Madison County | 49 km | Relatively High | 94.6 | Tornado |
| Morgan County | 51 km | Relatively Moderate | 88.8 | Tornado |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Alabama, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Relatively High 75.3 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Relatively Low 39.0 |
| Community risk factor | 1.39 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $50 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Marshall County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Alabama · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Tornado: Is there a tornado warning now?
- Strong wind: Power outages now
- Lightning: Weather alerts for Alabama
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Marshall County
What natural disasters is Marshall County, Alabama most at risk from?
Marshall County, Alabama has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 87.3 out of 100, higher than about 87% of US counties, with tornadoes, strong winds and lightning scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $50 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Marshall County had?
OpenFEMA lists 27 federal disaster declarations that included Marshall County since 1973, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is EM-3618-AL (Hurricane Helene, declared 26 September 2024). Another 1 Alabama declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Marshall County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 74 tornadoes touching Marshall County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 16 Feb 1995, F3, 14 mi path, 6 killed, 130 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.