Ingham County, Michigan: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Ingham County, Michigan has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 87.2 out of 100, higher than about 87% of US counties, with strong winds, tornadoes and hail scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $72 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 10 federal disaster declarations that included Ingham County since 1972, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4757-MI (Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding, declared 8 February 2024). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 32 tornadoes touching Ingham County from 1950 to 2025.
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Population 284,838 Buildings worth $57 billion Area 566 sq mi Risk rank in Michigan 8 of 83 FIPS 26065
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong wind | Very High | 98.4 | $6.7 million | about 6 a year | 230 |
| Tornado | Relatively High | 96.2 | $16 million | about once every 3.5 years | 18 |
| Hail | Relatively Moderate | 92.6 | $2.3 million | about 3 a year | 114 |
| Cold wave | Relatively High | 89.2 | $7.1 million | about 2.3 a year | 43 |
| Inland flooding | Relatively Moderate | 88.5 | $36 million | about once every 2.5 years | 11 |
| Ice storm | Relatively High | 84.0 | $608,287 | about 1.7 a year | 116 |
| Winter weather | Relatively Moderate | 78.5 | $209,725 | about 17 a year | 314 |
| Heat wave | Relatively Low | 72.0 | $1.1 million | about 2.6 a year | 38 |
| Lightning | Relatively Moderate | 71.6 | $573,154 | about 34 a year | 197,940 strikes |
| Earthquake | Relatively Low | 71.3 | $941,136 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Landslide | Very Low | 46.6 | $1,205 | about once every 10 years | — |
| Hurricane | Very Low | 46.0 | $54,255 | about once every 81 years | 4 |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 29.6 | $14,873 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Drought | No Rating | 0.0 | — | — | 0 |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 10
Most common: Flood 3, Snowstorm 3, Severe Storm 2, Hurricane 1.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 4 | Snowstorm ×2, Flood ×2 |
| 2000s | 5 | Severe Storm ×2, Hurricane, Other, Snowstorm |
| 2020s | 1 | Flood |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Ingham County
- Hurricane Katrina Evacuation (2005, EM-3225-MI): 83 Michigan counties designated.
- Blizzards & Snowstorms (1978, EM-3057-MI): 83 Michigan counties designated.
- Snow (2001, EM-3160-MI): 39 Michigan counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Michigan also had 3 statewide declarations with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 32
| Tornadoes touching the county | 32 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F2 ×10 |
| Peak month | March (7) |
| Deadliest | 24 Aug 2023, EF2, 12 mi path, 2 killed, 4 injured |
| Longest path | 5 Aug 1968, F2, 52.7 mi path |
| Most recent | 15 May 2025, EF1, 15.7 mi path |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 5 / 10 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 8 | 14 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Ingham County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingham County (this page) | — | Relatively Moderate | 87.2 | Strong wind |
| Livingston County | 38 km | Relatively Low | 73.5 | Strong wind |
| Eaton County | 38 km | Relatively Low | 67.6 | Strong wind |
| Jackson County | 39 km | Relatively Low | 76.5 | Tornado |
| Clinton County | 43 km | Relatively Low | 47.0 | Strong wind |
| Shiawassee County | 44 km | Relatively Low | 62.2 | Strong wind |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Michigan, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Relatively Low 29.4 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Very High 89.5 |
| Community risk factor | 0.96 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $72 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Ingham County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Michigan · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Strong wind: Power outages now
- Tornado: Is there a tornado warning now?
- Hail: Weather alerts for Michigan
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Ingham County
What natural disasters is Ingham County, Michigan most at risk from?
Ingham County, Michigan has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 87.2 out of 100, higher than about 87% of US counties, with strong winds, tornadoes and hail scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $72 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Ingham County had?
OpenFEMA lists 10 federal disaster declarations that included Ingham County since 1972, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4757-MI (Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding, declared 8 February 2024). Another 3 Michigan declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Ingham County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 32 tornadoes touching Ingham County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 24 Aug 2023, EF2, 12 mi path, 2 killed, 4 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.