Brazoria County, Texas: Natural Disaster Risk and History
Brazoria County, Texas has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 93.6 out of 100, higher than about 93% of US counties, with tornadoes, hurricanes and lightning scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $161 million a year in expected losses.
OpenFEMA lists 32 federal disaster declarations that included Brazoria County since 1973, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4798-TX (Hurricane Beryl, declared 9 July 2024). NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 98 tornadoes touching Brazoria County from 1950 to 2025.
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Population 371,474 Buildings worth $65 billion Area 1,625 sq mi Risk rank in Texas 17 of 254 FIPS 48039
All 18 hazards, highest risk first
FEMA National Risk Index| Hazard | Risk rating | Score | Expected loss a year | How often | Events in record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tornado | Relatively High | 97.0 | $21 million | about 1.1 a year | 65 |
| Hurricane | Relatively High | 96.9 | $44 million | about once every 4.6 years | 87 |
| Lightning | Relatively High | 95.5 | $2.3 million | about 7 a year | 559,549 strikes |
| Inland flooding | Relatively High | 94.4 | $78 million | about 1.9 a year | 52 |
| Heat wave | Relatively Moderate | 93.1 | $5.0 million | about 15 a year | 245 |
| Wildfire | Relatively Low | 86.1 | $886,624 | about once every 241 years | — |
| Ice storm | Relatively High | 85.1 | $691,287 | about once every 1.4 years | 43 |
| Drought | Relatively Moderate | 84.5 | $1.4 million | about 29 a year | 1,134 |
| Cold wave | Relatively Moderate | 83.1 | $5.1 million | about once every 2.3 years | 7.8 |
| Coastal flooding | Relatively Moderate | 76.4 | $2.0 million | about 3.7 a year | — |
| Hail | Relatively Low | 60.1 | $432,403 | about 1.6 a year | 62 |
| Strong wind | Relatively Moderate | 59.6 | $822,497 | about once a year | 36 |
| Earthquake | Very Low | 46.0 | $254,337 | rarer than once in 1,000 years | — |
| Landslide | Very Low | 43.7 | $988 | about once every 7.5 years | — |
| Winter weather | Very Low | 22.4 | $22,885 | about once every 1.1 years | 17 |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Insufficient Data | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Score: FEMA's percentile among US counties that face the hazard (higher = more risk). Expected loss: FEMA's modelled average yearly loss to buildings, people (as a statistical value) and crops. How often: FEMA's annualised frequency of the hazard in the county; for some hazards it counts event-days, so it is a rough guide, not a forecast. "Not Applicable" means FEMA does not model that hazard here.
Federal disaster declarations 32
Most common: Hurricane 13, Flood 7, Severe Storm 6, Severe Ice Storm 2.
| Decade | Declarations | Incident types |
|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 3 | Flood ×3 |
| 1980s | 1 | Hurricane |
| 1990s | 7 | Flood ×3, Severe Storm ×3, Fire |
| 2000s | 12 | Hurricane ×8, Coastal Storm ×2, Fire, Severe Storm |
| 2010s | 4 | Severe Storm ×2, Hurricane, Flood |
| 2020s | 5 | Hurricane ×3, Severe Ice Storm ×2 |
The last 10
Widest declarations that included Brazoria County
- Severe Winter Storms (2021, DR-4586-TX): 254 Texas counties designated.
- Severe Winter Storm (2021, EM-3554-TX): 254 Texas counties designated.
- Extreme Wildfire Threat (2006, DR-1624-TX): 254 Texas counties designated.
Named storms in its declarations: Hurricane Beryl (2024), Hurricane Hanna (2020), Hurricane Harvey (2017), Hurricane Ike (2008), Hurricane Gustav (2008), Hurricane Dean (2007), Hurricane Rita (2005), Hurricane Katrina (2005), Hurricane Claudette (2003), Tropical Storm Fay (2002), Tropical Storm Allison (2001), Hurricane Georges (1998), Tropical Storm Charley (1998), Hurricane Alicia (1983).
Not counted above: 2 COVID-19 ("Biological") declarations — in 2020 every US county was included. Texas also had 101 statewide declarations with no county list.
Tornado record since 1950 98
| Tornadoes touching the county | 98 |
|---|---|
| Strongest-rated | (E)F3 ×2 |
| Peak month | August (16) |
| Deadliest | 28 Dec 2024, EF2, 8.9 mi path, 1 killed, 5 injured |
| Longest path | 15 May 1970, F1, 28.9 mi path |
| Most recent | 28 Dec 2024, EF2, 8.9 mi path, 1 killed, 5 injured |
| Deaths / injuries on those paths | 1 / 56 |
| Rating | (E)F0 | (E)F1 | (E)F2 | (E)F3 | (E)F4 | (E)F5 | Unrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 62 | 27 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Decade | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 6 | 6 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 12 | 22 | 4 |
Deaths and injuries are for each tornado's whole path, which can run beyond this county. F-scale ratings before February 2007, Enhanced Fujita (EF) after.
How Brazoria County compares with its 5 nearest counties
| County | Distance | Overall risk | Score | Top hazard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazoria County (this page) | — | Relatively Moderate | 93.6 | Tornado |
| Fort Bend County | 48 km | Relatively High | 97.5 | Lightning |
| Galveston County | 53 km | Relatively High | 95.4 | Cold wave |
| Matagorda County | 63 km | Relatively Low | 80.3 | Hurricane |
| Harris County | 74 km | Very High | 99.9 | Hurricane |
| Wharton County | 75 km | Relatively Moderate | 83.0 | Hurricane |
Nearest by distance between county centres. Every county in Texas, ranked.
Vulnerability and resilience
| Social vulnerability | Relatively Low 24.0 |
|---|---|
| Community resilience | Very High 82.0 |
| Community risk factor | 0.92 |
| Expected annual loss, all hazards | $161 million |
FEMA scales expected losses up where social vulnerability is high (people who may find it harder to prepare, evacuate or recover) and down where community resilience is high. A factor above 1 raises the risk score. For social vulnerability a high rating is worse; for resilience a high rating is better.
Prepare for Brazoria County's main hazards
- Right now: National Weather Service alerts for Texas · all official warnings on Global Incident Tracker.
- Tornado: Is there a tornado warning now?
- Hurricane: Is there a hurricane now? · Cyclone preparation
- Lightning: Weather alerts for Texas
- Your property's flood zone: FEMA Flood Map Service Center ↗ — this page cannot tell you that.
- Official preparedness guidance: Ready.gov ↗ and your county emergency management office.
What this page shows, and what it misses
FEMA's National Risk Index rates a whole county against every other US county; it is a planning-level estimate for nationwide comparison, not a flood-zone map and not a substitute for a local risk assessment or the risk to one home. Declarations are presidential disaster, emergency and fire management declarations that named this county; state declarations and SBA or USDA designations are not included. Tornadoes are counted when the county is one of up to four listed on the track; 670 tornadoes that crossed a state line carry no county list in NOAA's file and are left out.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties - v1.20.0 (December 2025). Retrieved from https://services.arcgis.com/XG15cJAlne2vxtgt/ArcGIS/rest/services/National_Risk_Index_Counties/FeatureServer/0/query on November 2, 2026, 1:20 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), OpenFEMA Dataset: Disaster Declarations Summaries - v2, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries on November 2, 2026, 1:21 PM EST. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Tornado records: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, Severe Weather Database, tornadoes 1950–2025 (https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/data/1950-2025_actual_tornadoes.csv, downloaded 2 November 2026). Public domain; not endorsed by NOAA. Compiled by Global Incident Tracker.
Questions about Brazoria County
What natural disasters is Brazoria County, Texas most at risk from?
Brazoria County, Texas has a Relatively Moderate natural-hazard risk rating in FEMA's National Risk Index (v1.20, December 2025): a score of 93.6 out of 100, higher than about 93% of US counties, with tornadoes, hurricanes and lightning scoring highest of its 18 hazards and $161 million a year in expected losses.
How many federal disaster declarations has Brazoria County had?
OpenFEMA lists 32 federal disaster declarations that included Brazoria County since 1973, not counting 2 for COVID-19; the latest is DR-4798-TX (Hurricane Beryl, declared 9 July 2024). Another 101 Texas declarations were made statewide without a county list.
How many tornadoes have hit Brazoria County?
NOAA's Storm Prediction Center recorded 98 tornadoes touching Brazoria County from 1950 to 2025. The deadliest: 28 Dec 2024, EF2, 8.9 mi path, 1 killed, 5 injured (deaths and injuries are for the whole path).
Is the National Risk Index a flood zone map?
No. The National Risk Index is a planning-level estimate for a whole county, built for nationwide comparison. It does not tell you the flood zone or the risk of a single property: for that, look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) and ask your local floodplain manager.